Methodology and sources
How the numbers on Outcomo are made, where they come from and what to keep in mind. Each calculator has its own section with its steps and sources; this page gathers the rules we follow and lists every source.
How the calculators work
Everything is calculated in your browser from the numbers you enter and from public data that we download in advance and store on the site. What you type is not sent to us; only the SEO checker sends the web address you enter to our server, which fetches the page, and to Google, which measures its speed. Each calculator explains its steps and assumptions under the calculator.
Where the data come from
We use primary sources wherever they exist: central banks, statistical offices, Eurostat, the European Commission, national regulators and energy agencies, and for market history a data provider. Every source is shown with its publisher, the name of the series, the period the data refer to and a link.
Kinds of sources
Official: published by a central bank, a statistical office, the EU or another public body. Research or industry data: a dataset of a university, an index provider, an industry association or a data vendor. Reported: a figure of an official body that we know only from the press and did not check in the primary source; treat it as approximate. Example: a round number of ours where no statistic exists; replace it with your own.
How current the data are
Official statistics are published with a delay, so the newest value is often a few months old. We show the period of each number and, where we record it, the day we downloaded it. The data are updated from time to time, not in real time, so check the current figure before an important decision.
How we check the numbers
Starting values are taken from the cited sources, and the tests of the site compare the figures listed on this page with the values the calculators start with. A figure we have not verified in the primary source is marked Reported, not official.
What the results are not
The results are estimates for information only. They are not financial, investment, tax, legal or technical advice, an offer or a recommendation to buy or sell anything. Past returns do not guarantee future results. Taxes, fees and your own conditions are not included unless you enter them.
Independence
Outcomo does not sell or arrange financial products, loans, insurance or installations, and the results are not influenced by advertising or partners.
Errors and updates
Found a mistake or an outdated figure? Write to [email protected] with the link of the page. Confirmed errors are corrected, and the date of the last review of the text is shown on each calculator.
Who is behind it
Outcomo is made and run by Adam Bolek, a software developer from the Czech Republic. The author is not a licensed financial, tax or energy adviser.
All sources of all calculators
Every number a calculator starts with or computes from comes from one of the sources below. Series names are given as the publisher names them. Each row shows the period the data refer to and, where we record it, the day we downloaded them. Official data can be months old when they are published, so check the current figure before you decide.
Historical returns of stocks, bonds and cash
| Country | Source | Period | Type |
|---|---|---|---|
| United States | Aswath Damodaran, NYU SternHistorical Returns on Stocks, Bonds and Bills (S&P 500 with dividends, 10-year T. bond, 3-month T. bill) | 1928–2025downloaded 2026-09-30 | Research or industry data |
| Everywhere | MSCIMSCI World Index (USD) factsheet, gross returns, annualized since 31 December 1987 | 1987-12-31 – 2026-08-31 | Research or industry data |
US inflation (for real historical returns)
| Country | Source | Period | Type |
|---|---|---|---|
| United States | U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (via FRED)Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U), all items, not seasonally adjusted (CPIAUCNS), December to December | 1914–2025downloaded 2026-10-06 | Official |
Central bank inflation targets
Show all 12 sources
| Country | Starting value | Source | Period | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US Dollar | 2% | FedInflation target | currentdownloaded 2026-09-30 | Official |
| Czech Koruna | 2% | ČNBInflation target | currentdownloaded 2026-09-30 | Official |
| Euro | 2% | ECBInflation target | currentdownloaded 2026-09-30 | Official |
| Polish Zloty | 2.5% | NBPInflation target | currentdownloaded 2026-09-30 | Official |
| Romanian Leu | 2.5% | BNRInflation target | currentdownloaded 2026-09-30 | Official |
| Hungarian Forint | 3% | MNBInflation target | currentdownloaded 2026-09-30 | Official |
| Ukrainian Hryvnia | 5% | NBUInflation target | currentdownloaded 2026-09-30 | Official |
| British Pound | 2% | BoEInflation target | currentdownloaded 2026-10-06 | Official |
| Canadian Dollar | 2% | BoCInflation target | currentdownloaded 2026-10-06 | Official |
| Australian Dollar | 2.5% | RBAInflation target | currentdownloaded 2026-10-06 | Official |
| Swiss Franc | 1% | SNBInflation target | currentdownloaded 2026-10-06 | Official |
| Mexican Peso | 3% | BanxicoInflation target | currentdownloaded 2026-10-06 | Official |
Prices of ETFs, stocks and cryptocurrencies
| Source | Period | Type |
|---|---|---|
TiingoMonthly prices of 18 ETFs, stocks and cryptocurrencies, total return (dividends reinvested) where available | 1990-01 – 2026-09downloaded 2026-10-02 | Research or industry data |
Exchange rates
Starting mortgage rates
Show all 17 sources
| Country | Starting value | Source | Period | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| United States | 7.03% | Freddie MacPrimary Mortgage Market Survey, 30-year fixed | 2026-09-24 | Research or industry data |
| Czechia | 4.94% | ČNBMFI interest rates, new loans for house purchase | 2026-08 | Official |
| Poland | 5.99% | NBPMIR statistics, table 4: new agreements in PLN without renegotiated ones, households, loans for house purchase | 2026-08 | Official |
| Hungary | 6.34% | MNBAnnualised agreed rate on new HUF housing loans, market-priced and other loans (subsidised Otthon Start loans excluded) | 2026-08 | Official |
| Romania | 5.65% | BNRMonthly Bulletin, table 10.7.2: new lei housing loans to households | 2026-08 | Official |
| Ukraine | 8.25% | NBU · via banker.uaWeighted average rate on housing loans, subsidised єОселя included | 2026-04 | Reported |
| Germany | 4% | ECB, MFI interest rate statisticsComposite cost of borrowing for house purchase, MIR.M.DE.B.A2C.AM.R.A.2250.EUR.N | 2026-08 | Official |
| Austria | 3.61% | ECB, MFI interest rate statisticsComposite cost of borrowing for house purchase, MIR.M.AT.B.A2C.AM.R.A.2250.EUR.N | 2026-08 | Official |
| Belgium | 3.7% | ECB, MFI interest rate statisticsComposite cost of borrowing for house purchase, MIR.M.BE.B.A2C.AM.R.A.2250.EUR.N | 2026-08 | Official |
| Ireland | 3.52% | ECB, MFI interest rate statisticsComposite cost of borrowing for house purchase, MIR.M.IE.B.A2C.AM.R.A.2250.EUR.N | 2026-08 | Official |
| France | 3.2% | ECB, MFI interest rate statisticsComposite cost of borrowing for house purchase, MIR.M.FR.B.A2C.AM.R.A.2250.EUR.N | 2026-08 | Official |
| Spain | 3.04% | ECB, MFI interest rate statisticsComposite cost of borrowing for house purchase, MIR.M.ES.B.A2C.AM.R.A.2250.EUR.N | 2026-08 | Official |
| United Kingdom | 4.61% | Bank of EnglandWeighted average rate on new advances secured on dwellings, IADB CFMBJ95 | 2026-08 | Official |
| Canada | 4.29% | Bank of CanadaResidential mortgages, uninsured, funds advanced, V122667781 | 2026-07 | Official |
| Australia | 6.2% | RBATable F6, new loans funded, owner-occupied, all loans, FLRHOFTA | 2026-07 | Official |
| Switzerland | 2.03% | SNBRates on new transactions, 10-year fixed-rate mortgages, mean | 2026-08 | Official |
| Mexico | 10% | Banxico · via diario.mxWeighted average rate on new housing loans of commercial banks | 2026-06 | Reported |
Starting consumer loan rates
Show all 17 sources
| Country | Starting value | Source | Period | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| United States | 11.9% | Federal ReserveG.19, finance rate on 24-month personal loans at commercial banks, TERMCBPER24NS | 2026-05 | Official |
| Czechia | 8% | ČNBMFI interest rates, new consumer loans to households (7.99 %) | 2026-08 | Official |
| Poland | 9.95% | NBPMIR statistics, table 4: new agreements in PLN without renegotiated ones, households, consumer loans | 2026-08 | Official |
| Hungary | 13.6% | MNBAnnualised agreed rate on new HUF personal loans | 2026-08 | Official |
| Romania | 9.61% | BNRMonthly Bulletin, table 10.7.2: new lei consumer loans to households | 2026-08 | Official |
| Ukraine | 35% | NBU · via news.dtkt.uaNew hryvnia bank loans to households (35.1 %) | 2026 | Reported |
| Germany | 8.7% | ECB, MFI interest rate statisticsLoans to households for consumption, new business, MIR.M.DE.B.A2B.A.R.A.2250.EUR.N | 2026-08 | Official |
| Austria | 8.64% | ECB, MFI interest rate statisticsLoans to households for consumption, new business, MIR.M.AT.B.A2B.A.R.A.2250.EUR.N | 2026-08 | Official |
| Belgium | 6.51% | ECB, MFI interest rate statisticsLoans to households for consumption, new business, MIR.M.BE.B.A2B.A.R.A.2250.EUR.N | 2026-08 | Official |
| Ireland | 7.3% | ECB, MFI interest rate statisticsLoans to households for consumption, new business, MIR.M.IE.B.A2B.A.R.A.2250.EUR.N | 2026-08 | Official |
| France | 5.99% | ECB, MFI interest rate statisticsLoans to households for consumption, new business, MIR.M.FR.B.A2B.A.R.A.2250.EUR.N | 2026-08 | Official |
| Spain | 7.16% | ECB, MFI interest rate statisticsLoans to households for consumption, new business, MIR.M.ES.B.A2B.A.R.A.2250.EUR.N | 2026-08 | Official |
| United Kingdom | 6.9% | Bank of EnglandQuoted rate on a £10,000 personal loan, IADB IUMHPTL | 2026-08 | Official |
| Canada | 7.97% | Bank of CanadaConsumer credit, personal loan plans, funds advanced, V122667804 | 2026-07 | Official |
| Australia | 9.4% | RBATable F8, personal credit, new fixed-term loans, FLRPFNFTT | 2026-07 | Official |
| Switzerland | 8.73% | SNBRates on new transactions, consumer credit, mean | 2026-08 | Official |
| Mexico | 39% | Banxico · via the pressBasic indicators of personal loans | 2026-01 – 2026-02 | Reported |
Starting electricity prices
Show all 17 sources
| Country | Starting value | Source | Period | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Czechia | CZK 7.845 / kWh | EurostatHousehold electricity price, band 2 500–4 999 kWh, all taxes and levies, nrg_pc_204 | 2025-S2 | Official |
| Germany | €0.3869 / kWh | EurostatHousehold electricity price, band 2 500–4 999 kWh, all taxes and levies, nrg_pc_204 | 2025-S2 | Official |
| Spain | €0.2669 / kWh | EurostatHousehold electricity price, band 2 500–4 999 kWh, all taxes and levies, nrg_pc_204 | 2025-S2 | Official |
| France | €0.2561 / kWh | EurostatHousehold electricity price, band 2 500–4 999 kWh, all taxes and levies, nrg_pc_204 | 2025-S2 | Official |
| Poland | PLN 1.1505 / kWh | EurostatHousehold electricity price, band 2 500–4 999 kWh, all taxes and levies, nrg_pc_204 | 2025-S2 | Official |
| Romania | RON 1.4696 / kWh | EurostatHousehold electricity price, band 2 500–4 999 kWh, all taxes and levies, nrg_pc_204 | 2025-S2 | Official |
| Hungary | HUF 42.3146 / kWh | EurostatHousehold electricity price, band 2 500–4 999 kWh, all taxes and levies, nrg_pc_204 | 2025-S2 | Official |
| Ireland | €0.4042 / kWh | EurostatHousehold electricity price, band 2 500–4 999 kWh, all taxes and levies, nrg_pc_204 | 2025-S2 | Official |
| Austria | €0.3272 / kWh | EurostatHousehold electricity price, band 2 500–4 999 kWh, all taxes and levies, nrg_pc_204 | 2025-S2 | Official |
| Belgium | €0.3499 / kWh | EurostatHousehold electricity price, band 2 500–4 999 kWh, all taxes and levies, nrg_pc_204 | 2025-S2 | Official |
| United States | $0.1831 / kWh | EIAElectric Power Monthly, table 5.6.A, residential average | 2026-07 | Official |
| United Kingdom | £0.34 / kWh | OfgemEnergy price cap, GB average, direct debit: 26.32 p/kWh + 54.83 p a day over a typical 2 700 kWh | 2026-10-01 – 2026-12-31 | Official |
| Switzerland | CHF 0.277 / kWh | ElComMedian household price, profile H4 (4 500 kWh) | 2026 | Official |
| Ukraine | UAH 4.32 / kWh | Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine · via the pressRegulated household price, resolution No. 530 of 2026-04-29, valid until 2026-10-31 | 2026 | Reported |
| Australia | A$0.49 / kWh | AER · via comparison sitesDefault market offer 2026–27, Ausgrid (Sydney), 1 899 AUD a year at 3 900 kWh; the AER site was not reachable | 2026–2027 | Reported |
| Canada | CA$0.19 / kWh | ExampleToronto, all-in; there is no national average price | 2026 | Example |
| Mexico | MX$1.50 / kWh | ExampleCFE residential tariffs are tiered and subsidised; high consumers pay much more | 2026 | Example |
Starting gas prices
Show all 17 sources
| Country | Starting value | Source | Period | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Czechia | CZK 2.3423 / kWh | EurostatHousehold gas price, band D2 (20–199 GJ), all taxes and levies, nrg_pc_202 | 2025-S2 | Official |
| Germany | €0.1223 / kWh | EurostatHousehold gas price, band D2 (20–199 GJ), all taxes and levies, nrg_pc_202 | 2025-S2 | Official |
| Spain | €0.0955 / kWh | EurostatHousehold gas price, band D2 (20–199 GJ), all taxes and levies, nrg_pc_202 | 2025-S2 | Official |
| France | €0.1436 / kWh | EurostatHousehold gas price, band D2 (20–199 GJ), all taxes and levies, nrg_pc_202 | 2025-S2 | Official |
| Poland | PLN 0.3256 / kWh | EurostatHousehold gas price, band D2 (20–199 GJ), all taxes and levies, nrg_pc_202 | 2023-S2 | Official |
| Romania | RON 0.2877 / kWh | EurostatHousehold gas price, band D2 (20–199 GJ), all taxes and levies, nrg_pc_202 | 2025-S2 | Official |
| Hungary | HUF 13.0889 / kWh | EurostatHousehold gas price, band D2 (20–199 GJ), all taxes and levies, nrg_pc_202 | 2025-S2 | Official |
| Ukraine | UAH 7.96 / m³ | ExampleA round example, not a statistic. Enter your own value. | 2026 | Example |
| United States | $1.48 / therm | EIAU.S. price of natural gas delivered to residential consumers, annual average, converted to therms | 2025 | Official |
| United Kingdom | £0.0891 / kWh | OfgemEnergy price cap, GB average, direct debit, gas 7.97 p/kWh + 29.68 p a day over a typical 11 500 kWh | 2026-Q4 | Official |
| Ireland | €0.13 / kWh | EurostatHousehold gas price, band D2 (20–199 GJ), all taxes and levies, nrg_pc_202 | 2025-S2 | Official |
| Canada | CA$0.50 / m³ | ExampleA round example, not a statistic. Enter your own value. | 2026 | Example |
| Australia | A$0.045 / MJ | ExampleA round example, not a statistic. Enter your own value. | 2026 | Example |
| Austria | €0.1221 / kWh | EurostatHousehold gas price, band D2 (20–199 GJ), all taxes and levies, nrg_pc_202 | 2025-S2 | Official |
| Switzerland | CHF 0.15 / kWh | ExampleA round example, not a statistic. Enter your own value. | 2026 | Example |
| Belgium | €0.0898 / kWh | EurostatHousehold gas price, band D2 (20–199 GJ), all taxes and levies, nrg_pc_202 | 2025-S2 | Official |
| Mexico | MX$12.00 / m³ | ExampleA round example, not a statistic. Enter your own value. | 2026 | Example |
Heat pump electricity tariffs
| Country | Starting value | Source | Period | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Czechia | CZK 4.20 / kWh | tzb-info.czCeny elektřiny 2026, rates D56d and D57d, ČEZ / E.ON / PRE, with VAT: about 4.2 CZK/kWh on average and 10 700 CZK a year in fixed fees | 2026 | Example |
| Germany | €0.21 / kWh | VerivoxWärmepumpenstrom Preisentwicklung, new customers 20.7 ct/kWh on average; the fixed fee of the extra meter (100 EUR a year) is our estimate | 2026 | Example |
Energy price growth scenarios
Show all 83 sources
| Country | Source | Period | Type |
|---|---|---|---|
| Czechia · electricity | EurostatEurostat nrg_pc_204 (households 2 500–4 999 kWh, all taxes, CZ) | 2007-S1 – 2025-S2 | Official |
| Czechia · gas | EurostatEurostat nrg_pc_202 (natural gas, households 20–199 GJ band D2, all taxes, CZ) | 2007-S2 – 2025-S2 | Official |
| Czechia · LPG | EurostatEurostat HICP prc_hicp_aind (annual average index, CP0453 liquid fuels, CZ); proxy for LPG, as CP04522 liquefied hydrocarbons is too short and the LPG price follows oil | 2000 – 2025 | Official |
| Czechia · heating oil and liquid fuels | EurostatEurostat HICP prc_hicp_aind (annual average index, CP0453 liquid fuels, CZ) | 2000 – 2025 | Official |
| Czechia · solid fuels | EurostatEurostat HICP prc_hicp_aind (annual average index, CP0454 solid fuels, CZ) | 2000 – 2025 | Official |
| Germany · electricity | EurostatEurostat nrg_pc_204 (households 2 500–4 999 kWh, all taxes, DE) | 2007-S1 – 2025-S2 | Official |
| Germany · gas | EurostatEurostat nrg_pc_202 (natural gas, households 20–199 GJ band D2, all taxes, DE) | 2007-S2 – 2025-S2 | Official |
| Germany · LPG | EurostatEurostat HICP prc_hicp_aind (annual average index, CP0453 liquid fuels, DE); proxy for LPG, as CP04522 liquefied hydrocarbons is too short and the LPG price follows oil | 1996 – 2025 | Official |
| Germany · heating oil and liquid fuels | EurostatEurostat HICP prc_hicp_aind (annual average index, CP0453 liquid fuels, DE) | 1996 – 2025 | Official |
| Germany · solid fuels | EurostatEurostat HICP prc_hicp_aind (annual average index, CP0454 solid fuels, DE) | 1996 – 2025 | Official |
| Spain · electricity | EurostatEurostat nrg_pc_204 (households 2 500–4 999 kWh, all taxes, ES) | 2007-S2 – 2025-S2 | Official |
| Spain · gas | EurostatEurostat nrg_pc_202 (natural gas, households 20–199 GJ band D2, all taxes, ES) | 2007-S2 – 2025-S2 | Official |
| Spain · LPG | EurostatEurostat HICP prc_hicp_aind (annual average index, CP0453 liquid fuels, ES); proxy for LPG, as CP04522 liquefied hydrocarbons is too short and the LPG price follows oil | 1996 – 2025 | Official |
| Spain · heating oil and liquid fuels | EurostatEurostat HICP prc_hicp_aind (annual average index, CP0453 liquid fuels, ES) | 1996 – 2025 | Official |
| Spain · solid fuels | ExampleA round example, not a statistic. Enter your own value. | current | Example |
| France · electricity | EurostatEurostat nrg_pc_204 (households 2 500–4 999 kWh, all taxes, FR) | 2007-S2 – 2025-S2 | Official |
| France · gas | EurostatEurostat nrg_pc_202 (natural gas, households 20–199 GJ band D2, all taxes, FR) | 2007-S2 – 2025-S2 | Official |
| France · LPG | EurostatEurostat HICP prc_hicp_aind (annual average index, CP04522 liquefied hydrocarbons, FR) | 1996 – 2025 | Official |
| France · heating oil and liquid fuels | EurostatEurostat HICP prc_hicp_aind (annual average index, CP0453 liquid fuels, FR) | 1996 – 2025 | Official |
| France · solid fuels | EurostatEurostat HICP prc_hicp_aind (annual average index, CP0454 solid fuels, FR) | 1996 – 2025 | Official |
| Poland · electricity | EurostatEurostat nrg_pc_204 (households 2 500–4 999 kWh, all taxes, PL) | 2007-S2 – 2025-S2 | Official |
| Poland · gas | EurostatEurostat nrg_pc_202 (natural gas, households 20–199 GJ band D2, all taxes, PL) | 2007-S2 – 2023-S2 | Official |
| Poland · LPG | EurostatEurostat HICP prc_hicp_aind (annual average index, CP0453 liquid fuels, PL); proxy for LPG, as CP04522 liquefied hydrocarbons is too short and the LPG price follows oil | 1996 – 2025 | Official |
| Poland · heating oil and liquid fuels | EurostatEurostat HICP prc_hicp_aind (annual average index, CP0453 liquid fuels, PL) | 1996 – 2025 | Official |
| Poland · solid fuels | EurostatEurostat HICP prc_hicp_aind (annual average index, CP0454 solid fuels, PL) | 1996 – 2025 | Official |
| Romania · electricity | EurostatEurostat nrg_pc_204 (households 2 500–4 999 kWh, all taxes, RO) | 2007-S2 – 2025-S2 | Official |
| Romania · gas | EurostatEurostat nrg_pc_202 (natural gas, households 20–199 GJ band D2, all taxes, RO) | 2007-S2 – 2025-S2 | Official |
| Romania · LPG | EurostatEurostat HICP prc_hicp_aind (annual average index, CP0453 liquid fuels, RO); proxy for LPG, as CP04522 liquefied hydrocarbons is too short and the LPG price follows oil | 2001 – 2025 | Official |
| Romania · heating oil and liquid fuels | EurostatEurostat HICP prc_hicp_aind (annual average index, CP0453 liquid fuels, RO) | 2001 – 2025 | Official |
| Romania · solid fuels | EurostatEurostat HICP prc_hicp_aind (annual average index, CP0454 solid fuels, RO) | 2001 – 2025 | Official |
| Hungary · electricity | EurostatEurostat nrg_pc_204 (households 2 500–4 999 kWh, all taxes, HU) | 2007-S2 – 2025-S2 | Official |
| Hungary · gas | EurostatEurostat nrg_pc_202 (natural gas, households 20–199 GJ band D2, all taxes, HU) | 2007-S2 – 2025-S2 | Official |
| Hungary · LPG | ExampleA round example, not a statistic. Enter your own value. | current | Example |
| Hungary · heating oil and liquid fuels | ExampleA round example, not a statistic. Enter your own value. | current | Example |
| Hungary · solid fuels | EurostatEurostat HICP prc_hicp_aind (annual average index, CP0454 solid fuels, HU) | 2001 – 2025 | Official |
| Ukraine · gas | ExampleA round example, not a statistic. Enter your own value. | current | Example |
| Ukraine · LPG | ExampleA round example, not a statistic. Enter your own value. | current | Example |
| Ukraine · heating oil and liquid fuels | ExampleA round example, not a statistic. Enter your own value. | current | Example |
| Ukraine · solid fuels | ExampleA round example, not a statistic. Enter your own value. | current | Example |
| United States · electricity | BLSBLS average price data, electricity per kWh, US city average (FRED APU000072610), yearly averages | 1979 – 2024 | Official |
| United States · gas | BLSBLS average price data, utility (piped) gas per therm, US city average (FRED APU000072620), yearly averages (a year with one blank month averages the other 11) | 1979 – 2025 | Official |
| United States · LPG | EIAEIA weekly residential propane price, U.S. (W_EPLLPA_PRS_NUS_DPG), heating-season (October–March) averages | 1990/1991 – 2025/2026 | Official |
| United States · heating oil and liquid fuels | BLSBLS average price data, fuel oil #2 per gallon, US city average (FRED APU000072511), yearly averages (a year with one blank month averages the other 11) | 1979 – 2025 | Official |
| United States · solid fuels | ExampleA round example, not a statistic. Enter your own value. | current | Example |
| United Kingdom · electricity | ONSONS, CPI INDEX 04.5.1 : ELECTRICITY 2015=100 (MM23 D7DT), yearly | 1988 – 2025 | Official |
| United Kingdom · gas | ONSONS, CPI INDEX 04.5.2 : GAS 2015=100 (MM23 D7DU), yearly | 1988 – 2025 | Official |
| United Kingdom · LPG | ONSONS, CPI INDEX 04.5.3 : LIQUID FUELS 2015=100 (MM23 D7DV), yearly; proxy for LPG, the LPG price follows oil | 1988 – 2025 | Official |
| United Kingdom · heating oil and liquid fuels | ONSONS, CPI INDEX 04.5.3 : LIQUID FUELS 2015=100 (MM23 D7DV), yearly | 1988 – 2025 | Official |
| United Kingdom · solid fuels | ONSONS, CPI INDEX 04.5.4 : SOLID FUELS 2015=100 (MM23 D7DW), yearly | 1988 – 2025 | Official |
| Ireland · electricity | EurostatEurostat nrg_pc_204 (households 2 500–4 999 kWh, all taxes, IE) | 2007-S2 – 2025-S2 | Official |
| Ireland · gas | EurostatEurostat nrg_pc_202 (natural gas, households 20–199 GJ band D2, all taxes, IE) | 2007-S2 – 2025-S2 | Official |
| Ireland · LPG | EurostatEurostat HICP prc_hicp_aind (annual average index, CP0453 liquid fuels, IE); proxy for LPG, as CP04522 liquefied hydrocarbons is too short and the LPG price follows oil | 1996 – 2025 | Official |
| Ireland · heating oil and liquid fuels | EurostatEurostat HICP prc_hicp_aind (annual average index, CP0453 liquid fuels, IE) | 1996 – 2025 | Official |
| Ireland · solid fuels | EurostatEurostat HICP prc_hicp_aind (annual average index, CP0454 solid fuels, IE) | 1996 – 2025 | Official |
| Canada · electricity | Statistics CanadaStatistics Canada, consumer price index, Electricity, Canada, annual average (table 18-10-0005-01) | 1949 – 2025 | Official |
| Canada · gas | Statistics CanadaStatistics Canada, consumer price index, Natural gas, Canada, annual average (table 18-10-0005-01) | 1949 – 2025 | Official |
| Canada · LPG | Statistics CanadaStatistics Canada, consumer price index, Fuel oil and other fuels, Canada, annual average (table 18-10-0005-01); proxy for LPG, the LPG price follows oil | 1949 – 2025 | Official |
| Canada · heating oil and liquid fuels | Statistics CanadaStatistics Canada, consumer price index, Fuel oil and other fuels, Canada, annual average (table 18-10-0005-01) | 1949 – 2025 | Official |
| Canada · solid fuels | ExampleA round example, not a statistic. Enter your own value. | current | Example |
| Australia · electricity | ABSABS, consumer price index, electricity, weighted average of eight capital cities, calendar-year averages of quarters | 1981 – 2025 | Official |
| Australia · gas | ABSABS, consumer price index, gas and other household fuels, weighted average of eight capital cities, calendar-year averages of quarters | 1990 – 2025 | Official |
| Australia · LPG | ABSABS, consumer price index, gas and other household fuels, weighted average of eight capital cities, calendar-year averages of quarters | 1990 – 2025 | Official |
| Australia · heating oil and liquid fuels | ExampleA round example, not a statistic. Enter your own value. | current | Example |
| Australia · solid fuels | ExampleA round example, not a statistic. Enter your own value. | current | Example |
| Austria · electricity | EurostatEurostat nrg_pc_204 (households 2 500–4 999 kWh, all taxes, AT) | 2007-S2 – 2025-S2 | Official |
| Austria · gas | EurostatEurostat nrg_pc_202 (natural gas, households 20–199 GJ band D2, all taxes, AT) | 2007-S2 – 2025-S2 | Official |
| Austria · LPG | EurostatEurostat HICP prc_hicp_aind (annual average index, CP0453 liquid fuels, AT); proxy for LPG, as CP04522 liquefied hydrocarbons is too short and the LPG price follows oil | 1996 – 2025 | Official |
| Austria · heating oil and liquid fuels | EurostatEurostat HICP prc_hicp_aind (annual average index, CP0453 liquid fuels, AT) | 1996 – 2025 | Official |
| Austria · solid fuels | EurostatEurostat HICP prc_hicp_aind (annual average index, CP0454 solid fuels, AT) | 1996 – 2025 | Official |
| Switzerland · electricity | EurostatEurostat HICP prc_hicp_aind (annual average index, CP0451 electricity, CH) | 2005 – 2025 | Official |
| Switzerland · gas | EurostatEurostat HICP prc_hicp_aind (annual average index, CP0452 gas, CH) | 2005 – 2025 | Official |
| Switzerland · LPG | EurostatEurostat HICP prc_hicp_aind (annual average index, CP0453 liquid fuels, CH); proxy for LPG, as CP04522 liquefied hydrocarbons is too short and the LPG price follows oil | 2005 – 2025 | Official |
| Switzerland · heating oil and liquid fuels | EurostatEurostat HICP prc_hicp_aind (annual average index, CP0453 liquid fuels, CH) | 2005 – 2025 | Official |
| Switzerland · solid fuels | EurostatEurostat HICP prc_hicp_aind (annual average index, CP0454 solid fuels, CH) | 2005 – 2025 | Official |
| Belgium · electricity | EurostatEurostat nrg_pc_204 (households 2 500–4 999 kWh, all taxes, BE) | 2007-S2 – 2025-S2 | Official |
| Belgium · gas | EurostatEurostat nrg_pc_202 (natural gas, households 20–199 GJ band D2, all taxes, BE) | 2007-S2 – 2025-S2 | Official |
| Belgium · LPG | EurostatEurostat HICP prc_hicp_aind (annual average index, CP04522 liquefied hydrocarbons, BE) | 2005 – 2025 | Official |
| Belgium · heating oil and liquid fuels | EurostatEurostat HICP prc_hicp_aind (annual average index, CP0453 liquid fuels, BE) | 1996 – 2025 | Official |
| Belgium · solid fuels | EurostatEurostat HICP prc_hicp_aind (annual average index, CP0454 solid fuels, BE) | 1996 – 2025 | Official |
| Mexico · gas | ExampleA round example, not a statistic. Enter your own value. | current | Example |
| Mexico · LPG | ExampleA round example, not a statistic. Enter your own value. | current | Example |
| Mexico · heating oil and liquid fuels | ExampleA round example, not a statistic. Enter your own value. | current | Example |
| Mexico · solid fuels | ExampleA round example, not a statistic. Enter your own value. | current | Example |
Solar panel production (weather)
Show all 17 sources
| Country | Source | Period | Type |
|---|---|---|---|
| Austria | European Commission JRC, PVGIS 5.3PVGIS-SARAH3, Wien, hourly production of 1 kWp, system losses 14 %, weather of the year 2007 | 2005–2023 | Official |
| Australia | European Commission JRC, PVGIS 5.3PVGIS-ERA5, Sydney, hourly production of 1 kWp, system losses 14 %, weather of the year 2012 | 2005–2023 | Official |
| Belgium | European Commission JRC, PVGIS 5.3PVGIS-SARAH3, Bruxelles, hourly production of 1 kWp, system losses 14 %, weather of the year 2023 | 2005–2023 | Official |
| Canada | European Commission JRC, PVGIS 5.3PVGIS-ERA5, Toronto, hourly production of 1 kWp, system losses 14 %, weather of the year 2012 | 2005–2023 | Official |
| Switzerland | European Commission JRC, PVGIS 5.3PVGIS-SARAH3, Zürich, hourly production of 1 kWp, system losses 14 %, weather of the year 2023 | 2005–2023 | Official |
| Czechia | European Commission JRC, PVGIS 5.3PVGIS-SARAH3, Praha, hourly production of 1 kWp, system losses 14 %, weather of the year 2007 | 2005–2023 | Official |
| Germany | European Commission JRC, PVGIS 5.3PVGIS-SARAH3, Berlin, hourly production of 1 kWp, system losses 14 %, weather of the year 2005 | 2005–2023 | Official |
| Spain | European Commission JRC, PVGIS 5.3PVGIS-SARAH3, Madrid, hourly production of 1 kWp, system losses 14 %, weather of the year 2014 | 2005–2023 | Official |
| France | European Commission JRC, PVGIS 5.3PVGIS-SARAH3, Paris, hourly production of 1 kWp, system losses 14 %, weather of the year 2014 | 2005–2023 | Official |
| United Kingdom | European Commission JRC, PVGIS 5.3PVGIS-SARAH3, London, hourly production of 1 kWp, system losses 14 %, weather of the year 2009 | 2005–2023 | Official |
| Hungary | European Commission JRC, PVGIS 5.3PVGIS-SARAH3, Budapest, hourly production of 1 kWp, system losses 14 %, weather of the year 2015 | 2005–2023 | Official |
| Ireland | European Commission JRC, PVGIS 5.3PVGIS-SARAH3, Dublin, hourly production of 1 kWp, system losses 14 %, weather of the year 2011 | 2005–2023 | Official |
| Mexico | European Commission JRC, PVGIS 5.3PVGIS-ERA5, Ciudad de México, hourly production of 1 kWp, system losses 14 %, weather of the year 2019 | 2005–2023 | Official |
| Poland | European Commission JRC, PVGIS 5.3PVGIS-SARAH3, Warszawa, hourly production of 1 kWp, system losses 14 %, weather of the year 2023 | 2005–2023 | Official |
| Romania | European Commission JRC, PVGIS 5.3PVGIS-SARAH3, București, hourly production of 1 kWp, system losses 14 %, weather of the year 2006 | 2005–2023 | Official |
| Ukraine | European Commission JRC, PVGIS 5.3PVGIS-SARAH3, Київ, hourly production of 1 kWp, system losses 14 %, weather of the year 2012 | 2005–2023 | Official |
| United States | European Commission JRC, PVGIS 5.3PVGIS-ERA5, Kansas City, hourly production of 1 kWp, system losses 14 %, weather of the year 2013 | 2005–2023 | Official |
Outdoor temperature (heating demand)
Show all 17 sources
| Country | Source | Period | Type |
|---|---|---|---|
| Austria | European Commission JRC, PVGIS 5.3PVGIS-SARAH3, Wien, hourly outdoor temperature of the year 2008, the one closest to the median degree-hours | 2006–2023 | Official |
| Australia | European Commission JRC, PVGIS 5.3PVGIS-ERA5, Sydney, hourly outdoor temperature of the year 2006, the one closest to the median degree-hours | 2006–2023 | Official |
| Belgium | European Commission JRC, PVGIS 5.3PVGIS-SARAH3, Bruxelles, hourly outdoor temperature of the year 2015, the one closest to the median degree-hours | 2006–2023 | Official |
| Canada | European Commission JRC, PVGIS 5.3PVGIS-ERA5, Toronto, hourly outdoor temperature of the year 2007, the one closest to the median degree-hours | 2005–2022 | Official |
| Switzerland | European Commission JRC, PVGIS 5.3PVGIS-SARAH3, Zürich, hourly outdoor temperature of the year 2016, the one closest to the median degree-hours | 2006–2023 | Official |
| Czechia | European Commission JRC, PVGIS 5.3PVGIS-SARAH3, Praha, hourly outdoor temperature of the year 2016, the one closest to the median degree-hours | 2006–2023 | Official |
| Germany | European Commission JRC, PVGIS 5.3PVGIS-SARAH3, Berlin, hourly outdoor temperature of the year 2008, the one closest to the median degree-hours | 2006–2023 | Official |
| Spain | European Commission JRC, PVGIS 5.3PVGIS-SARAH3, Madrid, hourly outdoor temperature of the year 2011, the one closest to the median degree-hours | 2006–2023 | Official |
| France | European Commission JRC, PVGIS 5.3PVGIS-SARAH3, Paris, hourly outdoor temperature of the year 2015, the one closest to the median degree-hours | 2006–2023 | Official |
| United Kingdom | European Commission JRC, PVGIS 5.3PVGIS-SARAH3, London, hourly outdoor temperature of the year 2018, the one closest to the median degree-hours | 2005–2023 | Official |
| Hungary | European Commission JRC, PVGIS 5.3PVGIS-SARAH3, Budapest, hourly outdoor temperature of the year 2015, the one closest to the median degree-hours | 2006–2023 | Official |
| Ireland | European Commission JRC, PVGIS 5.3PVGIS-SARAH3, Dublin, hourly outdoor temperature of the year 2019, the one closest to the median degree-hours | 2005–2023 | Official |
| Mexico | European Commission JRC, PVGIS 5.3PVGIS-ERA5, Ciudad de México, hourly outdoor temperature of the year 2013, the one closest to the median degree-hours | 2005–2022 | Official |
| Poland | European Commission JRC, PVGIS 5.3PVGIS-SARAH3, Warszawa, hourly outdoor temperature of the year 2007, the one closest to the median degree-hours | 2006–2023 | Official |
| Romania | European Commission JRC, PVGIS 5.3PVGIS-SARAH3, București, hourly outdoor temperature of the year 2014, the one closest to the median degree-hours | 2006–2023 | Official |
| Ukraine | European Commission JRC, PVGIS 5.3PVGIS-SARAH3, Київ, hourly outdoor temperature of the year 2009, the one closest to the median degree-hours | 2006–2023 | Official |
| United States | European Commission JRC, PVGIS 5.3PVGIS-ERA5, Kansas City, hourly outdoor temperature of the year 2007, the one closest to the median degree-hours | 2005–2022 | Official |
Household electricity consumption profiles
Reference heating season
| Source | Period | Type |
|---|---|---|
European CommissionRegulation (EU) No 813/2013, Annex III, Table 5: European reference heating season, average climate (EN 14825), design temperature −10 °C | 2013-09-06 | Official |
Calorific values of fuels
Show all 4 sources
| Source | Period | Type |
|---|---|---|
EurostatEnergy balance guide, default net calorific values (2006 IPCC Guidelines): coal, lignite, gas oil, LPG | 2019-01-31 | Official |
IEA / OECD / EurostatEnergy Statistics Manual, annex 3: densities and gross and net calorific values of propane and gas oil, net = 0.9 × gross for natural gas | 2004 | Official |
EIAEnergy explained, British thermal units: propane and heating oil per gallon | current | Official |
EurostatQuality standard for statistics on wood fuel consumption of households (CA-RES), table 3, Austrian Energy Agency: firewood at 20 % water | 2012 | Official |
History of home prices and rents
Show all 39 sources
| Country | Source | Period | Type |
|---|---|---|---|
| United States | BISresidential property prices (nominal) | 2010–2025downloaded 2026-10-06 | Official |
| United States | BLSCPI rent of primary residence | 2010–2025downloaded 2026-10-06 | Official |
| United States | FHFA House Price Indexmetropolitan areas — New York, Los Angeles, Chicago, Houston, Dallas, Washington, DC, Miami, Atlanta, Boston, San Francisco, Seattle | 2010–2025downloaded 2026-10-06 | Official |
| United States | BLSCPI rent of primary residence — New York, Chicago, Houston, Dallas, Miami, Atlanta, Boston, San Francisco, Seattle | 2010–2025downloaded 2026-10-06 | Official |
| United Kingdom | BISresidential property prices (nominal) | 2010–2025downloaded 2026-10-06 | Official |
| United Kingdom | ONSCPI 04.1 actual rents for housing (D7CE) | 2010–2025downloaded 2026-10-06 | Official |
| United Kingdom | UK House Price Index (HM Land Registry)London, Manchester, Birmingham, Leeds, Liverpool, Bristol, Edinburgh | 2010–2025downloaded 2026-10-06 | Official |
| Ireland | BISresidential property prices (nominal) | 2010–2025downloaded 2026-10-06 | Official |
| Ireland | Eurostat HICPCP041 actual rentals for housing | 2010–2025downloaded 2026-10-06 | Official |
| Ireland | CSOresidential property price index (HPM09) — Dublin | 2010–2025downloaded 2026-10-06 | Official |
| Canada | BISresidential property prices (nominal) | 2010–2025downloaded 2026-10-06 | Official |
| Canada | Statistics CanadaCPI rented accommodation (18-10-0005-01) | 2010–2025downloaded 2026-10-06 | Official |
| Australia | BISresidential property prices (nominal) | 2010–2025downloaded 2026-10-06 | Official |
| Australia | ABSCPI rents | 2010–2025downloaded 2026-10-06 | Official |
| Germany | BISresidential property prices (nominal) | 2010–2025downloaded 2026-10-06 | Official |
| Germany | Eurostat HICPCP041 actual rentals for housing | 2010–2025downloaded 2026-10-06 | Official |
| Austria | BISresidential property prices (nominal) | 2010–2025downloaded 2026-10-06 | Official |
| Austria | Eurostat HICPCP041 actual rentals for housing | 2010–2025downloaded 2026-10-06 | Official |
| Switzerland | BISresidential property prices (nominal) | 2010–2025downloaded 2026-10-06 | Official |
| Switzerland | Eurostat HICPCP041 actual rentals for housing | 2010–2025downloaded 2026-10-06 | Official |
| France | BISresidential property prices (nominal) | 2010–2025downloaded 2026-10-06 | Official |
| France | Eurostat HICPCP041 actual rentals for housing | 2010–2025downloaded 2026-10-06 | Official |
| France | Inseeindices Notaires-Insee des prix des logements anciens, appartements — Paris, Lyon (agglomération), Marseille (agglomération) | 2010–2025downloaded 2026-10-06 | Official |
| Belgium | BISresidential property prices (nominal) | 2010–2025downloaded 2026-10-06 | Official |
| Belgium | Eurostat HICPCP041 actual rentals for housing | 2010–2025downloaded 2026-10-06 | Official |
| Spain | BISresidential property prices (nominal) | 2010–2025downloaded 2026-10-06 | Official |
| Spain | Eurostat HICPCP041 actual rentals for housing | 2010–2025downloaded 2026-10-06 | Official |
| Spain | INEíndice de precios de vivienda (IPV) — Comunidad de Madrid, Cataluña, Comunitat Valenciana, Andalucía, Illes Balears, País Vasco | 2010–2025downloaded 2026-10-06 | Official |
| Mexico | BISresidential property prices (nominal) | 2010–2025downloaded 2026-10-06 | Official |
| Czechia | BISresidential property prices (nominal) | 2010–2025downloaded 2026-10-06 | Official |
| Czechia | Eurostat HICPCP041 actual rentals for housing | 2010–2025downloaded 2026-10-06 | Official |
| Czechia | ČSÚindexy cen nemovitostí, byty (CEN0401) — Praha, Středočeský kraj, Jihočeský kraj, Plzeňský kraj, Karlovarský kraj, Ústecký kraj, Liberecký kraj, Královéhradecký kraj, Pardubický kraj, Kraj Vysočina, Jihomoravský kraj, Olomoucký kraj, Zlínský kraj, Moravskoslezský kraj | 2015–2025downloaded 2026-10-06 | Official |
| Poland | BISresidential property prices (nominal) | 2010–2025downloaded 2026-10-06 | Official |
| Poland | Eurostat HICPCP041 actual rentals for housing | 2010–2025downloaded 2026-10-06 | Official |
| Poland | GUS BDLmediana cen za 1 m² lokali mieszkalnych (P3787) — Warszawa, Kraków, Wrocław, Poznań, Gdańsk, Łódź | 2010–2024downloaded 2026-10-06 | Official |
| Romania | BISresidential property prices (nominal) | 2010–2025downloaded 2026-10-06 | Official |
| Romania | Eurostat HICPCP041 actual rentals for housing | 2010–2025downloaded 2026-10-06 | Official |
| Hungary | BISresidential property prices (nominal) | 2010–2025downloaded 2026-10-06 | Official |
| Hungary | Eurostat HICPCP041 actual rentals for housing | 2010–2025downloaded 2026-10-06 | Official |
Fuel prices
Show all 17 sources
| Country | Starting value | Source | Period | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| United States | $4.354 / gal | EIA weekly retail gasoline and diesel prices (FRED GASREGW, GASDESW)Petrol (95 / regular); diesel alongside | 2026-10-05downloaded 2026-10-07 | Official |
| United Kingdom | £1.749 / l | DESNZ, weekly road fuel prices (ULSP, ULSD)Petrol (95 / regular); diesel alongside | 2026-10-05downloaded 2026-10-07 | Official |
| Ireland | €1.972 / l | European Commission, Weekly Oil Bulletin (prices with taxes)Petrol (95 / regular); diesel alongside | 2026-09-28downloaded 2026-10-07 | Official |
| Canada | CA$1.738 / l | Statistics Canada, table 18-10-0001-01Regular unleaded, self service, Canada (diesel: average of the cities in the table) | 2026-08downloaded 2026-10-07 | Official |
| Australia | A$2.00 / l | ExamplePetrol (95); no machine-readable official national average | 2026 | Example |
| Germany | €2.345 / l | European Commission, Weekly Oil Bulletin (prices with taxes)Petrol (95 / regular); diesel alongside | 2026-09-28downloaded 2026-10-07 | Official |
| Austria | €1.956 / l | European Commission, Weekly Oil Bulletin (prices with taxes)Petrol (95 / regular); diesel alongside | 2026-09-28downloaded 2026-10-07 | Official |
| Switzerland | CHF 1.90 / l | ExamplePetrol (95); no machine-readable official national average | 2026 | Example |
| France | €2.213 / l | European Commission, Weekly Oil Bulletin (prices with taxes)Petrol (95 / regular); diesel alongside | 2026-09-28downloaded 2026-10-07 | Official |
| Belgium | €2.032 / l | European Commission, Weekly Oil Bulletin (prices with taxes)Petrol (95 / regular); diesel alongside | 2026-09-28downloaded 2026-10-07 | Official |
| Spain | €1.94 / l | European Commission, Weekly Oil Bulletin (prices with taxes)Petrol (95 / regular); diesel alongside | 2026-09-28downloaded 2026-10-07 | Official |
| Mexico | MX$25.00 / l | ExamplePetrol (95); no machine-readable official national average | 2026 | Example |
| Czechia | CZK 45.866 / l | European Commission, Weekly Oil Bulletin (prices with taxes)Petrol (95 / regular); diesel alongside | 2026-09-28downloaded 2026-10-07 | Official |
| Poland | PLN 8.102 / l | European Commission, Weekly Oil Bulletin (prices with taxes)Petrol (95 / regular); diesel alongside | 2026-09-28downloaded 2026-10-07 | Official |
| Romania | RON 10.015 / l | European Commission, Weekly Oil Bulletin (prices with taxes)Petrol (95 / regular); diesel alongside | 2026-09-28downloaded 2026-10-07 | Official |
| Hungary | HUF 634.80 / l | European Commission, Weekly Oil Bulletin (prices with taxes)Petrol (95 / regular); diesel alongside | 2026-09-28downloaded 2026-10-07 | Official |
| Ukraine | UAH 72.00 / l | ExamplePetrol (95); no machine-readable official national average | 2026 | Example |
CO₂ of electricity and fuels
Show all 4 sources
| Country | Source | Period | Type |
|---|---|---|---|
| Everywhere | EEAGreenhouse gas emission intensity of electricity generation, country level (CZ, DE, AT, BE, FR, ES, IE, PL, RO, HU) | 2023downloaded 2026-10-07 | Official |
| United States | EIAU.S. electricity generation and CO2 per kWh: 367 g CO2/kWh | 2023downloaded 2026-10-07 | Official |
| United Kingdom | DESNZgreenhouse gas reporting: conversion factors 2026: 131 g CO2/kWh | 2026downloaded 2026-10-07 | Official |
| Everywhere | DESNZGHG conversion factors 2026: liquid fuels (petrol 2.075, diesel 2.584 kg CO2e/l, average biofuel blend) and passenger cars, lower medium (BEV 0.19151 kWh/km; petrol 0.16010, diesel 0.14457 kg CO2e/km), used for the default consumption | 2026downloaded 2026-10-07 | Official |
Password attack speeds and recommendations
Show all 4 sources
| Source | Period | Type |
|---|---|---|
hashcat forum, RTX 5090 benchmark threadNVIDIA GeForce RTX 5090, hashcat v6.2.6, tuned run, MD5 (mode 0): 215.8 GH/s (fast hash) | 2025-02downloaded 2026-10-07 | Research or industry data |
hashcat forum, RTX 5090 benchmark threadNVIDIA GeForce RTX 5090, hashcat v6.2.6, tuned run, bcrypt (mode 3200, 32 iterations): 255.3 kH/s (slow hash) | 2025-02downloaded 2026-10-07 | Research or industry data |
ExampleOnline guessing against a login that limits the attempts: 10 guesses per second | 2026 | Example |
NISTSP 800-63B-4, Digital Identity Guidelines: Authentication and Authenticator Management, section 3.1.1.2 Passwords | 2025downloaded 2026-10-07 | Official |
Word lists for passphrases
| Source | Period | Type |
|---|---|---|
Electronic Frontier FoundationEFF Large Wordlist for Random Passphrases, 7,776 English words (CC BY 3.0 US; the dice numbers removed) | 2016downloaded 2026-10-07 | Research or industry data |
Bitcoin Improvement ProposalsBIP-39 wordlists, 2,048 words each: Czech, Spanish, French (MIT licence; accents in the composed form) | currentdownloaded 2026-10-07 | Research or industry data |
Fund costs
| Source | Period | Type |
|---|---|---|
European UnionRegulation (EU) No 1286/2014 (PRIIPs), Article 8(3)(f): the key information document shows one-off and recurring costs in money and as a percentage | currentdownloaded 2026-10-07 | Official |
ExampleA return of 7 % a year before costs for 30 years; funds with yearly fees of 0.2 % and 1.5 %, no entry fee | 2026 | Example |
Consumer price indices (inflation)
Show all 17 sources
| Country | Source | Period | Type |
|---|---|---|---|
| Austria | OECDConsumer price indices (COICOP 1999), national CPI, all items | 1958–2025downloaded 2026-10-07 | Official |
| Australia | OECDConsumer price indices (COICOP 2018), national CPI, all items | 1949–2025downloaded 2026-10-07 | Official |
| Belgium | OECDConsumer price indices (COICOP 2018), national CPI, all items | 1955–2025downloaded 2026-10-07 | Official |
| Canada | OECDConsumer price indices (COICOP 2018), national CPI, all items | 1914–2025downloaded 2026-10-07 | Official |
| Switzerland | OECDConsumer price indices (COICOP 2018), national CPI, all items | 1955–2025downloaded 2026-10-07 | Official |
| Czechia | OECDConsumer price indices (COICOP 2018), national CPI, all items | 1991–2025downloaded 2026-10-07 | Official |
| Germany | OECDConsumer price indices (COICOP 1999), national CPI, all items | 1955–2025downloaded 2026-10-07 | Official |
| Spain | OECDConsumer price indices (COICOP 2018), national CPI, all items | 1955–2025downloaded 2026-10-07 | Official |
| France | OECDConsumer price indices (COICOP 2018), national CPI, all items | 1955–2025downloaded 2026-10-07 | Official |
| United Kingdom | OECDConsumer price indices (COICOP 1999), national CPI, all items | 1955–2025downloaded 2026-10-07 | Official |
| Hungary | OECDConsumer price indices (COICOP 2018), national CPI, all items | 1980–2025downloaded 2026-10-07 | Official |
| Ireland | OECDConsumer price indices (COICOP 2018), national CPI, all items | 1976–2025downloaded 2026-10-07 | Official |
| Mexico | OECDConsumer price indices (COICOP 2018), national CPI, all items | 1969–2025downloaded 2026-10-07 | Official |
| Poland | OECDConsumer price indices (COICOP 1999), national CPI, all items | 1989–2025downloaded 2026-10-07 | Official |
| Romania | EurostatHICP – Romania, yearly average (prc_hicp_aind) | 1996–2025downloaded 2026-10-07 | Official |
| Ukraine | State Statistics Service of UkraineCPI year on year (via National Bank of Ukraine) | 2001–2025downloaded 2026-10-07 | Official |
| United States | U.S. Bureau of Labor StatisticsCPI-U (CPIAUCNS, via FRED), yearly average | 1913–2025downloaded 2026-10-07 | Official |
Conversion of former currencies
Show all 4 sources
| Country | Source | Period | Type |
|---|---|---|---|
| Everywhere | Council of the European UnionRegulation (EC) No 2866/98, irrevocable euro conversion rates: 1 EUR = 1.95583 DEM, 1 EUR = 13.7603 ATS, 1 EUR = 6.55957 FRF, 1 EUR = 40.3399 BEF, 1 EUR = 166.386 ESP, 1 EUR = 0.787564 IEP | 1999-01-01 | Official |
| Poland | Sejm RPUstawa z dnia 7 lipca 1994 r. o denominacji złotego (Dz.U. 1994 nr 84 poz. 386): 1 PLN = 10 000 PLZ | 1995-01-01 | Official |
| Romania | BNRDenomination of the national currency (Law No 348/2004): 1 RON = 10 000 ROL | 2005-07-01 | Official |
| Mexico | Banco de MéxicoNew monetary unit by the decree of 22 June 1992 (Diario Oficial de la Federación): 1 nuevo peso = 1 000 pesos | 1993-01-01 | Official |
Example budgets and subscriptions
| Source | Period | Type |
|---|---|---|
ExampleA two-earner household in each currency, round numbers; its expenses together about 86 % of its net income | 2026 | Example |
ExampleSubscriptions in round numbers in the range such services cost, not the price list of any service; if invested instead, 7 % a year for 10 years | 2026 | Example |
ExampleA savings goal of 3 months of the example household's income, 85 % of income spent, no interest and no price growth | 2026 | Example |
Size of an emergency fund
| Country | Source | Period | Type |
|---|---|---|---|
| United States | U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, Investor.govWorld Investor Week 2026: Investor Bulletin – "Set a savings goal, such as three to six months of living expenses" | 2026downloaded 2026-10-16 | Official |
| United States | FINRAFinancial Foundations: start an emergency fund – "the equivalent of three to six months of living expenses" | currentdownloaded 2026-10-16 | Official |
| Everywhere | Example3 months of the essential expenses (the lower end of the range above), with a month's income put aside | 2026 | Example |
Handwritten digits for training the network
| Source | Period | Type |
|---|---|---|
Yann LeCun, Corinna Cortes, Christopher J. C. BurgesThe MNIST database of handwritten digits: 60,000 training and 10,000 test images of 28 × 28 pixels, size-normalized to a 20 × 20 box and centered by the center of mass (files from the torchvision mirror, checked against its MD5 sums) | 1998downloaded 2026-10-17 | Research or industry data |
Y. LeCun, L. Bottou, Y. Bengio, P. HaffnerGradient-based learning applied to document recognition, Proceedings of the IEEE 86 (11), 2278–2324 | 1998 | Research or industry data |
Search engine guidelines (Google Search Central)
Show all 19 sources
| Source | Period | Type |
|---|---|---|
Google Search CentralHow Google interprets the robots.txt specification | currentdownloaded 2026-10-18 | Research or industry data |
Google Search CentralRobots meta tag, data-nosnippet, and X-Robots-Tag specifications | currentdownloaded 2026-10-18 | Research or industry data |
Google Search CentralRedirects and Google Search | currentdownloaded 2026-10-18 | Research or industry data |
Google Search CentralHow to specify a canonical URL with rel="canonical" and other methods | currentdownloaded 2026-10-18 | Research or industry data |
Google Search CentralBuild and submit a sitemap | currentdownloaded 2026-10-18 | Research or industry data |
Google Search CentralInfluencing your title links in search results | currentdownloaded 2026-10-18 | Research or industry data |
Google Search CentralControl your snippets in search results (meta description) | currentdownloaded 2026-10-18 | Research or industry data |
Google Search CentralMake your links crawlable | currentdownloaded 2026-10-18 | Research or industry data |
Google Search CentralGoogle image SEO best practices (alt text) | currentdownloaded 2026-10-18 | Research or industry data |
Google Search CentralIntroduction to structured data markup in Google Search | currentdownloaded 2026-10-18 | Research or industry data |
Google Search CentralStructured data markup that Google Search supports (Search Gallery) and the pages of its types | currentdownloaded 2026-10-21 | Research or industry data |
Google Search CentralLatest Google Search documentation updates (deprecated rich results) | currentdownloaded 2026-10-21 | Research or industry data |
Google Search CentralTell Google about localized versions of your page (hreflang) | currentdownloaded 2026-10-18 | Research or industry data |
Google Search CentralManaging multi-regional and multilingual sites (language of a page) | currentdownloaded 2026-10-18 | Research or industry data |
Google Search CentralMobile site and mobile-first indexing best practices | currentdownloaded 2026-10-18 | Research or industry data |
Google Search CentralDefine a favicon to show in search results | currentdownloaded 2026-10-18 | Research or industry data |
Google Search CentralUnderstanding page experience in Google Search results (HTTPS) | currentdownloaded 2026-10-18 | Research or industry data |
Google (web.dev)Web Vitals: thresholds of LCP, INP and CLS at the 75th percentile | currentdownloaded 2026-10-18 | Research or industry data |
GooglePageSpeed Insights API v5 (Lighthouse, mobile strategy) | currentdownloaded 2026-10-18 | Research or industry data |
Programming basics and the Python language
| Source | Period | Type |
|---|---|---|
Python Software FoundationThe Python Tutorial, 4. More Control Flow Tools (if, for, range, def) | currentdownloaded 2026-10-19 | Research or industry data |
Python Software FoundationThe Python Language Reference, 8. Compound statements (if, while, for, function definitions) | currentdownloaded 2026-10-19 | Research or industry data |
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